INTERNATIONAL EXPERTISE IN AC AND DC ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING SYSTEMS
A course by
Description
Détails
Formateur
- 12 Sections
- 179 Lessons
- 12 Weeks
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- 1: ELECTROKINETIC FUNDAMENTALS AND ARCHITECTURESObjective: Understand the physics of onboard storage systems and mathematically model energy transfer interfaces.20
- 1.1Module 1.1: Advanced electrochemistry (NMC, LFP, Solid-state) and characterization curves (SOC, SOH, SOE).
- 1.2Module 1.2: Mathematical modeling of the Thevenin equivalent circuit for Li-ion cells.
- 1.3Module 1.3: Charge acceptance profiles: CCCV (Constant Current Constant Voltage) and thermal limit modeling.
- 1.4Expected Deliverable: Python/MATLAB modeling of a charge acceptance curve as a function of SOC and temperature.
- 1.5Module 2.1: Electric powertrain and the role of the On-Board Charger (OBC).
- 1.6Module 2.2: Physical and mass limitations of onboard AC conversion vs. offboard DC conversion.
- 1.7Module 2.3: Overall efficiency of the “Well-to-Wheel” chain and energy balances.
- 1.8Expected Deliverable: Theoretical loss balance of an AC vs. DC charging chain at equivalent power.
- 1.9Module 3.1: International classification (Modes 1 to 4) according to IEC 61851-1.
- 1.10Module 3.2: Systemic architecture of an AC station (EVM, contactors, RCD) vs. DC station (Rectifier, DC/DC, power controller).
- 1.11Module 3.3: Power levels (Level 1/2/3) and use-case classification (Destination, Corridor, Depot).
- 1.12Expected Deliverable: Comprehensive single-line diagram of a hybrid installation (22kW AC and 150kW DC).
- 1.13Module 4.1: Engineering of AC connectors (Type 1, Type 2, GB/T AC) and amperage limits.
- 1.14Module 4.2: High-power architectures (CCS Combo 1/2, CHAdeMO, NACS, GB/T DC).
- 1.15Module 4.3: Electromechanical locking systems and integrated PT1000 temperature sensors.
- 1.16Expected Deliverable: Matrix comparative analysis of pins and functions for CCS vs. CHAdeMO standards.
- 1.17Module 5.1: Stochastic modeling of arrival times and probability laws (Poisson, Weibull) of charging sessions.
- 1.18Module 5.2: Impact of ambient temperature on power demand.
- 1.19Module 5.3: Concurrency factor (Diversity factor) and aggregated demand modeling of a hub.
- 1.20Expected Deliverable: Probabilistic model predicting the maximum power draw of a 10-charger station.
- 2: INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND AC CHARGINGObjective: Master the engineering of AC systems in strict compliance with international electrotechnical standards.20
- 2.1Module 6.1: Anatomy of IEC 61851-1 (General requirements) and IEC 62196 (Plugs and socket-outlets).
- 2.2Module 6.2: Isolation requirements and Overvoltage Categories (OVC III).
- 2.3Module 6.3: Testing and certification standards for EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment).
- 2.4Expected Deliverable: Regulatory checklist for the IEC certification of a new 22kW AC charger.
- 2.5Module 7.1: Equivalent circuit of the Control Pilot (CP): 1 kHz oscillator, ±12V tolerances.
- 2.6Module 7.2: States of charge (A, B, C, D, E/F) and resistive transitions.
- 2.7Module 7.3: PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) coding: Duty Cycle equations vs. authorized Amperage (IEC 61851-1).
- 2.8Expected Deliverable: Full chronogram plot of a charging session including PWM negotiation.
- 2.9Module 8.1: Typology of fault currents and blinding of RCDs (Residual Current Devices).
- 2.10Module 8.2: 6mA DC protection requirement (RDC-DD according to IEC 62955) paired with Type A RCDs, or use of Type B RCDs.
- 2.11Module 8.3: Switchgear coordination (Curve C/D circuit breakers) and earth integration.
- 2.12Expected Deliverable: Calculation of protection ratings and selectivity for a cluster of 5 AC chargers in a TN-S system.
- 2.13Module 9.1: Specificities of TT, TN-S, TN-C-S, and IT earthing arrangements for e-mobility.
- 2.14Module 9.2: PEN loss detection (TN-C network) and mitigation devices.
- 2.15Module 9.3: Earth fault loop impedance measurement and acceptable tolerances.
- 2.16Expected Deliverable: Modeling of an insulation fault in an IT system on a public AC charging station.
- 2.17Module 10.1: Sizing power contactors: utilization categories AC-1 vs. AC-3.
- 2.18Module 10.2: Contact welding: detection and hardware mitigation measures.
- 2.19Module 10.3: Legal metrology (MID – Measuring Instruments Directive) integrated into chargers.
- 2.20Expected Deliverable: Design of the safety architecture (contactor welding detection) for an AC controller board.
- 3: POWER ELECTRONICS FOR DC CHARGERSObjective: Size and mathematically model high-frequency energy conversion stages (AC/DC and DC/DC).20
- 3.1Module 11.1: Active three-phase rectifier topologies (Vienna Rectifier, Active Front End).
- 3.2Module 11.2: Mathematical modeling of switching and vector control of the current.
- 3.3Module 11.3: Power Factor (PF) optimization and minimization of THDi (< 5%).
- 3.4Expected Deliverable: Calculation of inductor and DC bus capacitor values for a 50kW Vienna PFC.
- 3.5Module 12.1: Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter: phase-shift control principle.
- 3.6Module 12.2: LLC resonant converters: Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) modes.
- 3.7Module 12.3: Modeling of High-Frequency transformers and magnetic materials.
- 3.8Expected Deliverable: Plotting gain curves of an LLC converter according to the switching frequency.
- 3.9Module 13.1: Semiconductor physics: Si (IGBT) vs. SiC (MOSFET) vs. GaN.
- 3.10Module 13.2: Modeling of conduction losses and switching losses
- 3.11Module 13.3: Impact of high dV / d t on gate driver design and isolation.
- 3.12Expected Deliverable: Comparative thermal balance (Si vs. SiC) for a DC/DC module operating at 100 kHz.
- 3.13Module 14.1: Park/Clarke transforms for the control of three-phase inverters/rectifiers.
- 3.14Module 14.2: Synthesis of PI and PR (Proportional-Resonant) controllers for current and voltage loops.
- 3.15Module 14.3: SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) strategies.
- 3.16Expected Deliverable: Analytical determination of PI controller coefficients for maintaining the DC bus.
- 3.17Module 15.1: Power-sharing station architectures (Power routing / Matrix switches).
- 3.18Module 15.2: Current sharing control (Droop control) among 30kW modules.
- 3.19Module 15.3: Reliability of modular systems (N+1 redundancy).
- 3.20Expected Deliverable: Mathematical algorithm for dynamic power allocation of a 300kW charger (10 x 30kW modules) charging 3 vehicles simultaneously.
- 4: FRONT-END COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLSObjective: Decode low-level communication frames and state sequences dictating charging safety.20
- 4.1Module 16.1: Overview of standards: IEC 61851-24, DIN 70121 (Transitional DC), ISO 15118.
- 4.2Module 16.2: OSI architectures applied to EV-Charger interfaces (EVCC vs. SECC).
- 4.3Module 16.3: Management of critical timeouts and failure consequences.
- 4.4Expected Deliverable: OSI architecture diagram comparing basic AC communication and advanced DC communication.
- 4.5Module 17.1: HomePlug GreenPHY standard: OFDM modulation on the Control Pilot line.
- 4.6Module 17.2: SLAC (Signal Level Attenuation Characterization) process for pairing.
- 4.7Module 17.3: Noise engineering and interference filtering on the CP line.
- 4.8Expected Deliverable: Analysis of a theoretical SLAC negotiation trace (calculation of attenuation levels in dB).
- 4.9Module 18.1: CHAdeMO hardware architecture: dedicated CAN bus and analog acknowledgment lines.
- 4.10Module 18.2: CHAdeMO Data Dictionary (CAN Identifiers, voltage/current control frames).
- 4.11Module 18.3: Strict initialization sequences and pre-charge insulation tests.
- 4.12Expected Deliverable: Manual decoding of a hexadecimal CAN CHAdeMO frame log during the “Pre-charge” phase.
- 4.13Module 19.1: GB/T 27930 standard (China): CAN bus utilization according to J1939.
- 4.14Module 19.2: Engineering of NACS (North American Charging Standard) / SAE J3400.
- 4.15Module 19.3: AC/DC multiplexing on the same pins and safety challenges (NACS).
- 4.16Expected Deliverable: Study of state transition matrices for the SAE J3400 vs. CCS protocol.
- 4.17Module 20.1: Sequence: Initialization, Discovery, Identification, Parameter Negotiation.
- 4.18Module 20.2: Pre-charge (Cable Check), power transfer (Current Demand), and Welding Detection.
- 4.19Module 20.3: Emergency Stop mechanisms and software error handling.
- 4.20Expected Deliverable: Comprehensive State Machine graph of a CCS session detailing EVCC and SECC actions.
- 5: HIGH-LEVEL INTEROPERABILITY AND ISO 15118Objective: Implement the cryptographic ecosystem and advanced functions (Plug & Charge, V2G) of the ISO 15118 standard.20
- 5.1Module 21.1: Standard breakdown: -1 (Use cases), -2 (Network/Application), -3 (Physical/Data Link), -20 (Extensions).
- 5.2Module 21.2: EXI (Efficient XML Interchange) data models for frame compression.
- 5.3Module 21.3: Request/Response (Req/Res) semantics at the application level (V2GTP – V2G Transfer Protocol).
- 5.4Expected Deliverable: Conceptual decoding of an XML flow converted into EXI for the ChargeParameterDiscovery message.
- 5.5Module 22.1: TLS 1.2/1.3 foundations and mandated cipher suites (ECDHE-ECDSA).
- 5.6Module 22.2: V2G PKI Architecture: V2G Root CA, Sub-CA, CPS (Certificate Provisioning Service).
- 5.7Module 22.3: EMAID (e-Mobility Account Identifier) and PCID (Provisioning Certificate Identifier).
- 5.8Expected Deliverable: Modeling of the certificate tree (Chain of Trust) for a Plug & Charge infrastructure.
- 5.9Module 23.1: OEM Certificates, Charger Certificates (SECC), and Contract Certificates.
- 5.10Module 23.2: Certificate installation and update sequence (Certificate Update).
- 5.11Module 23.3: Hash algorithms (SHA-256) and digital signatures applied to V2G messages.
- 5.12Expected Deliverable: Flowchart for the generation and distribution of a Contract Certificate (from the MO to the vehicle).
- 5.13Module 24.1: Badgeless authorization: software comparison EIM (External Identification Means) vs. PnC.
- 5.14Module 24.2: The AuthorizationReq message with ECDSA digital signature.
- 5.15Module 24.3: Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL/OCSP) management at the charger level.
- 5.16Expected Deliverable: Full PnC authentication flowchart, including error cases (expired certificate).
- 5.17Module 25.1: Bidirectional Power Transfer (BPT): logical specifications.
- 5.18Module 25.2: Extension for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT).
- 5.19Module 25.3: Charging of urban heavy-duty vehicles (ACPD – Automated Connection Device / Pantograph).
- 5.20Expected Deliverable: Comparative synthesis of data structures (XML Schemas) between ISO 15118-2 and 15118-20 for power negotiation.
- 6: SUPERVISION SYSTEMS AND BACK-END PROTOCOLSObjective: Design the global network architecture using supervision and roaming protocols (OCPP and OCPI).20
- 6.1Module 26.1: Client-server model via WebSockets (JSON).
- 6.2Module 26.2: Key profiles: Core, Firmware Management, Smart Charging, Local Auth List.
- 6.3Module 26.3: Transactional management (StartTransaction, StopTransaction, MeterValues).
- 6.4Expected Deliverable: Sequencing of OCPP 1.6J messages for a complete session with an RFID badge (authorization, charging, billing).
- 6.5Module 27.1: The “Device Model”: new configuration approach (Variables, Components).
- 6.6Module 27.2: Native integration of ISO 15118 (PnC delegation messages).
- 6.7Module 27.3: Enhanced security: Security profiles 1, 2 (TLS), and 3 (TLS + Client side certificates).
- 6.8Expected Deliverable: Conceptual migration of a charger firmware from OCPP 1.6J to 2.0.1 (Mapping of new messages).
- 6.9Module 28.1: Cellular architectures (4G/LTE/5G) and private M2M networks (Dedicated APNs).
- 6.10Module 28.2: Local connectivity (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, mesh networks) and WAN redundancy.
- 6.11Module 28.3: Offline charger behavior and post-synchronization recovery (Data spooling).
- 6.12Expected Deliverable: Definition of a QoS (Quality of Service) policy and offline frame management for a network of isolated chargers.
- 6.13Module 29.1: Ecosystem: EMP (e-Mobility Service Provider), CPO (Charge Point Operator), Hubs.
- 6.14Module 29.2: RESTful architecture of OCPI: Modules for Locations, Tariffs, Sessions, CDRs.
- 6.15Module 29.3: Complex tariff modeling (Time, Energy, Flat, Parking, Step rates).
- 6.16Expected Deliverable: JSON structure of a CDR (Charge Detail Record) including dynamic peak/off-peak pricing.
- 6.17Module 30.1: Hubject’s OICP protocol (eRoaming).
- 6.18Module 30.2: Financial and technical clearing platforms (Gireve, Hubject).
- 6.19Module 30.3: European AFIR (Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation) and direct bank card payments.
- 6.20Expected Deliverable: IT architecture comparing a Roaming payment model (OCPI) vs. direct payment via a POS terminal.
- 7: GRID INTEGRATION, SMART CHARGING AND V2XObjective: Model complex energy flows and develop algorithms to stabilize the electrical grid.20
- 7.1Module 31.1: Static vs. Dynamic Load Balancing on a cluster of chargers.
- 7.2Module 31.2: Optimization based on price signals (Dynamic pricing) of the Spot market.
- 7.3Module 31.3: Subscribed power constraints at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC).
- 7.4Expected Deliverable: Mathematical algorithm for Fair Share power distribution under strict global constraints.
- 7.5Module 32.1: V2G principles and EV discharging capabilities.
- 7.6Module 32.2: Primary and secondary frequency regulation services (FCR, aFRR).
- 7.7Module 32.3: EV Aggregation (Virtual Power Plant – VPP): dispatching models.
- 7.8Expected Deliverable: Mathematical simulation of the frequency response of a 100-EV fleet during a frequency drop to 49.8 Hz.
- 7.9Module 33.1: IEEE 2030.5 (SEP 2.0) standard for DER (Distributed Energy Resources) integration.
- 7.10Module 33.2: OpenADR (Automated Demand Response) 2.0b protocol: Events, Reports.
- 7.11Module 33.3: Communication chain from the grid operator (DSO) to the charger via the CSMS.
- 7.12Expected Deliverable: Data flow mapping for executing a national-level Demand Response event.
- 7.13Module 34.1: Local grid synchronization (Grid-following vs. Grid-forming).
- 7.14Module 34.2: Photovoltaic self-consumption optimization algorithms (PV to EV).
- 7.15Module 34.3: Islanding and power continuity in the event of a blackout.
- 7.16Expected Deliverable: Power flow model for a hybrid building (Solar, EV, Building Load) maximizing autarky.
- 7.17Module 35.1: Mathematical models of calendar and cyclic aging of Li-ion batteries.
- 7.18Module 35.2: Depth of Discharge (DoD) vs. marginal cost of degradation in V2G mode.
- 7.19Module 35.3: Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of V2G services for the vehicle owner.
- 7.20Expected Deliverable: Calculation of the economic break-even point for a V2G session taking battery wear into account.
- 8: POWER QUALITY AND EMCObjective: Analyze and mitigate the impact of very high-power rectifiers on grid stability and waveform quality.20
- 8.1Module 36.1: Fourier series and origins of harmonic currents in AC/DC conversion.
- 8.2Module 36.2: Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi, THDu) and IEEE 519 / IEC 61000-3-12 standards.
- 8.3Module 36.3: Impact of 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th order harmonics on distribution transformers (K-factor).
- 8.4Expected Deliverable: Calculation of the required derating for a 1000 kVA transformer exclusively feeding unfiltered DC chargers.
- 8.5Module 37.1: Mathematical modeling of L, LC, LCL filters: resonance frequencies and damping.
- 8.6Module 37.2: Active Power Filters (APF): injection of compensation currents.
- 8.7Module 37.3: Control strategies using p-q theory (instantaneous power theory).
- 8.8Expected Deliverable: Sizing (inductances, capacitances) of an LCL filter for a grid-tied 150kW inverter.
- 8.9Module 38.1: IEC 61851-21-2 standard (EMC requirements for EV charging systems).
- 8.10Module 38.2: Conducted and radiated emissions from WBG components (high dv/dt and di/dt).
- 8.11Module 38.3: Engineering of common-mode and differential-mode EMI filters.
- 8.12Expected Deliverable: Placement and routing architecture guidelines to minimize inductive loops in a DC/DC module.
- 8.13Module 39.1: Electrical Fast Transient/Burst (EFT), Electrostatic Discharges (ESD).
- 8.14Module 39.2: Surge waves due to lightning: sizing Surge Protection Devices (SPD Type 1, 2).
- 8.15Module 39.3: Immunity to radiated electromagnetic fields.
- 8.16Expected Deliverable: Comprehensive immunity test plan specifying test levels (kV, V/m) for certifying a public charger.
- 8.17Module 40.1: Flicker: origins due to rapid power variations (Pst, Plt).
- 8.18Module 40.2: Symmetrical components (Fortescue) and voltage unbalance on single-phase AC chargers.
- 8.19Module 40.3: Dynamic reactive power compensation (Local STATCOM integrated into the charger).
- 8.20Expected Deliverable: Vector calculation of the resulting neutral current from a cluster of 3 asymmetrical single-phase chargers.
- 9: THERMAL MANAGEMENT, MODELING AND RAMSObjective: Solve extreme thermal dissipation challenges and guarantee functional safety for heavy-duty systems.20
- 9.1Module 41.1: Heat equation and Joule effect at 500A.
- 9.2Module 41.2: HPC (High Power Charging) cables: heat transfer fluids (dielectric vs. water-glycol).
- 9.3Module 41.3: Thermodynamics of cooling pumps, heat exchangers, and integrated chillers.
- 9.4Expected Deliverable: Mass flow rate calculation of fluid required to keep a 500A cable below 50°C.
- 9.5Module 42.1: Equivalent thermal resistances (Junction-to-Case, Case-to-Heatsink).
- 9.6Module 42.2: Forced convection: sizing cooling fans (CFM) and airflow modeling.
- 9.7Module 42.3: Software thermal derating strategies (Power reduction upon overheating).
- 9.8Expected Deliverable: Thermal resistance network modeling the dissipation of an IGBT transistor to ambient air.
- 9.9Module 43.1: FMEA specific to DC charge converters (Failure modes of capacitors, relays).
- 9.10Module 43.2: Criticality (RPN) and determination of safety organs.
- 9.11Module 43.3: Latent failures and Built-In Self-Test (BIST) mechanisms.
- 9.12Expected Deliverable: Detailed FMEA table for the electromechanical locking subsystem of the DC charging cable.
- 9.13Module 44.1: Mechanics of Fault Trees (Logic gates, base events).
- 9.14Module 44.2: Probabilistic calculation of the top undesired event (e.g., User electrocution, Station fire).
- 9.15Module 44.3: Minimal Cut Sets and vulnerability identification.
- 9.16Expected Deliverable: Fault Tree and probabilistic calculation for the event “Failure to stop energy transfer upon reaching battery limits”.
- 9.17Module 45.1: Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) and ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level).
- 9.18Module 45.2: Responsibilities at the Vehicle (ASIL) / Charger (SIL) interface: standard alignment.
- 9.19Module 45.3: Reliability of DC charging supervision software according to the standard.
- 9.20Expected Deliverable: Synthesis of SIL requirements allocation for DC voltage sensors and emergency cutoff contactors.
- 10: CYBERSECURITY OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURESObjective: Design a resilient hardware and software architecture against cyber threats targeting critical infrastructures.20
- 10.1Module 46.1: Attack surfaces of a charging station (RFID, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, PLC, Backend).
- 10.2Module 46.2: STRIDE Methodology (Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, Elevation of Privilege).
- 10.3Module 46.3: Systemic risks: coordinated hacking inducing blackouts (Frequency manipulation).
- 10.4Expected Deliverable: Comprehensive STRIDE modeling for Vehicle-to-Grid communication (PLC).
- 10.5Module 47.1: Integration of HSM (Hardware Security Modules) / TPM chips in controllers.
- 10.6Module 47.2: Secure Boot mechanisms and cryptographic verification.
- 10.7Module 47.3: Securing OTA (Over-The-Air) updates: signatures and rollback upon failure.
- 10.8Expected Deliverable: Architectural specification of an encrypted and signed firmware update process for a public charger.
- 10.9Module 48.1: Network layer security (IPSec VPNs, private cellular APNs).
- 10.10Module 48.2: Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks on OCPP and RFID badge interception (Mifare).
- 10.11Module 48.3: Pentesting principles on the diagnostic port or HMI interface (Touch screens).
- 10.12Expected Deliverable: Theoretical Pentest report listing 3 attack vectors on the RFID/NFC interface and corrective measures.
- 10.13Module 49.1: IEC 62443 (Industrial automation security) applied to CSMS.
- 10.14Module 49.2: ISO/SAE 21434 (Automotive cybersecurity engineering) and interaction with EVSE.
- 10.15Module 49.3: European directives (NIS 2) and mandatory incident notification.
- 10.16Expected Deliverable: Gap analysis to bring a CPO architecture into compliance with NIS 2 directive requirements.
- 10.17Module 50.1: SOC for charger fleets: SIEM integration.
- 10.18Module 50.2: Security telemetry: monitoring connection logs, manipulation attempt alerts.
- 10.19Module 50.3: Incident Response and isolation of a compromised charging hub.
- 10.20Expected Deliverable: Playbook for isolation and investigation following the detection of abnormal network behavior from a DC station.
- 11: RELIABILITY, DIAGNOSTICS AND PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCEObjective: Develop probabilistic degradation models and leverage IoT data to maximize uptime.20
- 11.1Module 51.1: MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) calculation of a modular architecture (MIL-HDBK-217F or FIDES).
- 11.2Module 51.2: Lifetime models of electrolytic capacitors on the DC bus (Arrhenius equation).
- 11.3Module 51.3: Thermomechanical fatigue of IGBT modules (Power cycling, Coffin-Manson laws).
- 11.4Expected Deliverable: Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation calculation for capacitors based on a charger’s annual load profile.
- 11.5Module 52.1: Virtual sensors and signal acquisition (Internal temperatures, voltage/current waveforms).
- 11.6Module 52.2: Edge Computing vs. Cloud Computing for large data volumes.
- 11.7Module 52.3: Adapted IoT protocols (MQTT, AMQP) vs. OCPP for low-level diagnostics.
- 11.8Expected Deliverable: Network architecture mixing MQTT (health telemetry at 1Hz) and OCPP (transactions).
- 11.9Module 53.1: Mapping CHAdeMO/CCS protocol error codes to internal physical faults.
- 11.10Module 53.2: Automated diagnostic trees for customer service (Tier 1/2 support).
- 11.11Module 53.3: Hardware resets (Hard reset), software resets (Soft reset), and safety boundaries.
- 11.12Expected Deliverable: Logical decision tree for diagnosing the “DC Insulation out of tolerance” error code.
- 11.13Module 54.1: Time series analysis for anomaly detection (Fan degradation, clogged filters).
- 11.14Module 54.2: Machine Learning (Random Forests, Neural Networks) applied to HPC cable thermal profiles.
- 11.15Module 54.3: Transition from calendar-based preventive maintenance to prescriptive maintenance.
- 11.16Expected Deliverable: Theoretical modeling of an algorithm identifying efficiency loss in a liquid cooling system via Power/Temperature cross-analysis.
- 11.17Module 55.1: Creation of a station’s virtual model integrating electrical, thermal, and usage characteristics.
- 11.18Module 55.2: Digital Twin simulation of the impacts of a heatwave on deliverable power.
- 11.19Module 55.3: Integration of the Digital Twin into CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management Systems).
- 11.20Expected Deliverable: Functional specification document for the Digital Twin of an ultra-fast highway charging hub.
- 12: MEGATRENDS: MCS, WPT AND MICROGRIDSObjective: Master breakthrough technologies (truck charging, inductive charging) and complex economic integration.19
- 12.1Module 56.1: MCS standard specifications (CharIN): 1250V, 3000A, up to 3.75 MW.
- 12.2Module 56.2: New hardware communication interfaces (Physical Ethernet according to IEEE 802.3cg).
- 12.3Module 56.3: Extreme thermal challenges and sizing of medium voltage DC contactors.
- 12.4Expected Deliverable: Single-line design and theoretical thermal sizing of a 3 MW charging line.
- 12.5Module 57.1: Physics of magnetic resonance (IEC 61980, SAE J2954 standard).
- 12.6Module 57.2: Coil topologies (Circular, DD, DDQ) and spatial coupling efficiency.
- 12.7Module 57.3: Dynamic systems (DWPT) integrated into roads: onboard/offboard electronics challenges.
- 12.8Expected Deliverable: Analytical calculation of the coupling coefficient and efficiency of an 11kW WPT system with a 5cm misalignment.
- 12.9Module 58.1: DC-coupled vs. AC-coupled architectures for Solar PV integration.
- 12.10Module 58.2: Sizing stationary storage (BESS – Battery Energy Storage System) as a buffer.
- 12.11Module 58.3: Microgrid controller (PMS – Power Management System) and real-time arbitration.
- 12.12Expected Deliverable: Capacitive sizing of a BESS (kWh/kW) aimed at peak-shaving 30% of a power peak in an MCS/HPC hub.
- 12.13Module 59.1: TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) of fast infrastructure, OPEX (maintenance, grid fees) vs. CAPEX.
- 12.14Module 59.2: Energy sales, time-based billing, kWh pricing, idle/occupancy penalties.
- 12.15Module 59.3: Valuation of carbon certificates and environmental subsidies.
- 12.16Expected Deliverable: Financial analysis (Internal Rate of Return – IRR, Payback period) of a €2 million investment for a 100% DC highway hub.
- 12.17Module 60.1: Cross-functional synthesis: from the electrical grid to battery electrochemistry.
- 12.18Module 60.2: Forward-looking vision: Solid-State Transformless chargers, Generative AI in design.
- 12.19Final Deliverable: Integrative engineering thesis (Complete design of a next-generation DC charging system: choice of topology, protocols, thermal modeling, and cybersecurity plan).
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